Method for strengthening metal materials
The strengthening methods of metal materials mainly include the following aspects:
(1) Crystallization strengthening. Crystallization enhancement is to improve the properties of the metal material by controlling the crystallization conditions and obtaining good macroscopic structure and microstructure after solidification crystallization. it includes:
1) Refine the crystal grains. Refining the crystal grains can make the metal structure contain more grain boundaries, and the grain boundary can inhibit the sliding deformation, so that the metal material can be strengthened. It also improves toughness, which is impossible with other reinforcement mechanisms.
2) Purification strengthening. In the casting process, the liquid metal is sufficiently purified to minimize inclusions, which can significantly improve the performance of the solid metal. Inclusions have a great influence on the properties of metallic materials. In damaged components, a large amount of inclusions are often found. High-purity metal materials can be obtained by vacuum smelting or the like.
(2) Deformation strengthening. The metal material can be plastically deformed by cold working to increase its strength. This is due to the increased resistance of the material to the dislocation motion after plastic deformation.
(3) Solid solution strengthening. The solid solution is formed by alloying (adding alloying elements), and strengthening the metal material is called solid solution strengthening.
(4) Phase transformation strengthening. The alloyed metal material undergoes a solid phase transformation by heat treatment or the like to obtain a desired structure, and the metal material is strengthened, which is called phase transformation strengthening.
(1) Crystallization strengthening. Crystallization enhancement is to improve the properties of the metal material by controlling the crystallization conditions and obtaining good macroscopic structure and microstructure after solidification crystallization. it includes:
1) Refine the crystal grains. Refining the crystal grains can make the metal structure contain more grain boundaries, and the grain boundary can inhibit the sliding deformation, so that the metal material can be strengthened. It also improves toughness, which is impossible with other reinforcement mechanisms.
2) Purification strengthening. In the casting process, the liquid metal is sufficiently purified to minimize inclusions, which can significantly improve the performance of the solid metal. Inclusions have a great influence on the properties of metallic materials. In damaged components, a large amount of inclusions are often found. High-purity metal materials can be obtained by vacuum smelting or the like.
(2) Deformation strengthening. The metal material can be plastically deformed by cold working to increase its strength. This is due to the increased resistance of the material to the dislocation motion after plastic deformation.
(3) Solid solution strengthening. The solid solution is formed by alloying (adding alloying elements), and strengthening the metal material is called solid solution strengthening.
(4) Phase transformation strengthening. The alloyed metal material undergoes a solid phase transformation by heat treatment or the like to obtain a desired structure, and the metal material is strengthened, which is called phase transformation strengthening.
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